Специфика перевода, отличающая его от всех других видов языкового посредничества, заключается в том, что он предназначен для полноправной замены оригинала и что рецепторы перевода считают его полностью тождественным исходному тексту.

The USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent The total area is over 9 million square kilometers. The Pacific Ocean washes its western coast and the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in the south washed its eastern coast. It borders on Canada in the north and Mexico in the south. The USA is a federal republic of fifty states and the District of Columbia. At first it consisted of only 13 states of the Atlantic coast of America.

The politics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland takes place in the framework of a constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is head of state and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the UK government, the devolved governments of Scotland and Wales, and the Executive of Northern Ireland. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of Lords, as well as in the Scottish parliament and Welsh and Northern Ireland assemblies. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature, though several senior judges are still members of the House of Lords, which is currently the highest court of the UK for civil cases and the highest court of England and Wales for criminal cases.

London - the capital of Great Britain

When we think of Paris, Rome. Madrid, Lisbon and other European capitals, we think of them as "cities'. When we think of the whole of modern London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, that great area covering several hundred square kilometres, we do not think of it as 'a city. not even as a city and its suburbs. Modem London is not one city that has steadily become larger through the centuries; it is a number of cities. towns, and villages that have, during the past centuries, grown together to make one vast urban area.

В зависимости от сферы применения языка, содержания высказывания, ситуации и целей общения выделяется несколько функционально-стилевых разновидностей, или стилей, характеризующихся определенной системой отбора и организации в них языковых средств. Изучением функциональных стилей, особенностей употребления в них языковых средств занимается стилистика.

Выразительные средства языка иногда сводят к так называемым выразительно-
изобразительным, т. е. тропам и фигурам, но выразительность могут усиливать
единицы языка всех его уровней — начиная со звуков и кончая синтаксисом и
стилями. Даже отдельный звук, не говоря уже о какой-то их комбинации, может
оказаться в речи выразительным.. Припомним звукозапись, к которой иногда
прибегают поэты, ассонансы и аллитерации, скандирование речи

In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. In spoken language, morphemes are composed of phonemes (the smallest linguistically distinctive units of sound), and in written language morphemes are composed of graphemes (the smallest units of written language).

The concept morpheme differs from the concept word, as many morphemes cannot stand as words on their own. A morpheme is free if it can stand alone, or bound if it is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme. Its actual phonetic representation is the morph, with the different morphs representing the same morpheme being grouped as its allomorphs.
English example:

Verb is a part of speech with grammatical meaning of process, action. Verb performs the central role of the predicative function of the sentence.

Verb is a very complex part of speech and first of all because of it’s various subcalss division.
If we admit the existance of the category of finitude as Prof.Blokh does that we’re divide all the verbs into 2 large sets: the finite set and non-finite set.

Definitions:
Logical: A sentence is a proposition expressed by words (something true). A proposition is the semantic invariant of all the members of modal and communicative paradigms of sentences and their transforms. But besides sentences which contain propositions there are interrogative and negative sentences. Speech is emotional. There is no one to one relationship. Then a sentence can be grammatically correct, but from the point of view of logic it won’t be correct, true to life (Water is a gas). Laws of thinking are universal but there are many languages. Grammar and Logic don’t coincide.

Классификации способов словообразования
Словообразовательная модель показывает, как образовано слово в каждом конкретном случае, и помогает создать аналогичные значения аналогичными средствами. Понятие словообразования в целом включает в себя и обобщения, объединяя разные модели в группы по способам образования слов.